What Is Personality - 2947 Words

What is personality? Everyday people meet new people and sometimes they try to figure them out in order to see what kind of personality they have. People do this subconsciously or unconsciously. Personality isn’t easily defined because it’s a broad topic that is still being researched. A brief definition of personality would be that personality is made up of characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that make a person unique – that means that the personality of an individual rarely changes and someone’s personality will not completely be the same as the person next to him/her because they are individuals and they are unique in their own way. The purpose of this review is to determine whether a person’s personality traits†¦show more content†¦People that have a low score are less emotionally reactive meaning that they are calmer and emotionally stable. There is an abbreviation for all five traits OCEAN. Work performance isn’t easily defined because it’s still being researched till today, what it basically is, is how a person does their job and whether they do it well or not.Personality traits can’t be completely attributed to a person’s work performance i.e. their productivity – it is dependent on the type of job. An example of this would be a sales person, a person that would have a low score on trait extraversion would have a low performance in terms of them achieving their sales targets because they are considered introverts and being a salesperson would require them to be more social then what they are comfortable with. Job absence is also a part of job performance because if an employee isn’t at work that reflects negatively on their productivity at the workplace. Employees that score low levels on the extraversion trait are less likely to skip work because they are high on conscientiousness whereas the opposite is true for extroverts. Neuroticism isn’t extremely associated with absence (Judge, Martocchio, Thoresen, 1997). A study done by Judge, Martocchio Thoresen (1997) on the link between the five factor model and job satisfaction highlighted that employees that are considered extrovertsShow MoreRelatedWhat is Personality Profiling?929 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality ProfilingPersonality profiling is a technique that can be used to better understand a person and what their reactions will be . In particular employers may use personality profiling to match a certain skill set that someone has in order to make sure service is provided on a superior level . There are two types of personality profiling test that are widely used . The Big Five Theory of Personality and the Myers -Briggs MBTI . Personality is important and says a lot about character. ItRead MoreWhat Is The Personality Of A Gold?899 Words   |  4 Pagescontinued to play through the pain. Now, this was not the smartest idea I’ve had but it shows my will to be push through my problems and be dependable for my team. The desire to be dependable is one of the many characteristics of someone who has the personality of a gold. Throughout this long journey of being labeled as a gold, I have come to realize I agree and disagree with some of the descriptions. I strive to be correct on everything, and without a doubt I’m predictable, but unlike most golds, I flowRead MorePersonality Disorders : What Causes A Personality Disorder?930 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality disorders is a deeply ingrained pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long term difficulties in personal relationships or functioning in society. Someone with personality disorder not only effects the person with it but the love ones as well. A question that is always raised while talking about personality disorder is what causes a personality disorder? Some doctors and professor believe that things happen in a person’sRead MoreWhat Narcissistic Personality Disorder800 Words   |  3 PagesA narcissistic personality disorder is basically a person who feels that they have self-importance. The person thinks that they should have control and power above anything. The person is unable to mentally realize how much damage they are doing to others and themselves. To be specific on a certain type of people who has a NPD are narcissistic parents. Narcissistic parents fall into two type of categories which damage their children. There is engulfing parents which mean the parents are overly protectiveRead MoreWhat Is Personality Psychology Or Personology?1585 Words   |  7 PagesPersonality is something all humans possess, which appears to be unique within each individual. It has been studied by psychologists all over the world amounting to various ideologies’ regarding how it is formed and the changes that occur in personalities. This research is called personality psychology or Personology. â€Å"Within the research field of personality, it is agreed that there are no definitive answers as to how the personality is developed and currently relies on theories to explain it† (MollonRead MoreWhat Is Schizoid Personality Disorder?749 Words   |  3 Pages Schizoid Personality Disorder Hunter Boumans Central Louisiana Technical Community College †¢ DEFINITION- Aka SPD, is a â€Å"Cluster A† disorder characterized by a lack of interest in relationships, a tendency towards a solitary or sheltered lifestyle, emotional coldness, and apathy. These people may seem distant, detached, and indifferent in their interactions. Schizoid personality disorder is NOT the same as schizophrenia despite their names being similar, however some of the behavioral symptomsRead MoreTypes Of Personality : What Really Happened?1137 Words   |  5 PagesTypes of Personality When I went to school today I went to go over by my friends, and as they were talking I realized that they were all telling something different. One was telling a story about how she saran wrapped a car last night, which was a lie, she would never do that in her life. One was explaining how she thought this one girl’s outfit was ugly. She was not wrong. The last one was telling a story about how in class they were playing a review game for a test and she knew every answer.Read MoreWhat Drives Adult Personality Development?1542 Words   |  7 PagesDennisen, Henneck, Huteman, Kandler, Luhmann, Orth, Reitz and Zimmerman’s article (2014) What Drives Adult Personality Development? A Comparison of Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence In terms of adult personality development, the most prominent perspectives utilize genetic and environmental factors into their models. Some examples of these theories consist of the five factor theory of personality and neo-social analytic theory (Specht et al., 2014). McCray and Costa’s five factor theoryRead MorePersonality Type -- -what About Me?791 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality Type---What about Me? My personality type of ESFJ (Extravert, Sensing, Feeling, and Judgement) is notorious for being sociable and outgoing, always willing to understand the needs of others and expressing appreciation for their contributions. ESFJs are known for collecting the facts needed first before making a decision and organizing effective procedures. Often times my personality type is critical of mistakes more easily than rewarding expected duties. Individuals of this personalityRead MoreWhat Makes A Person s Personality?1995 Words   |  8 Pagesunique with their particular traits. Each person is constructed from various characteristics, which define a person’s personality. Even twins differ at some points. To understand human behaviors, many psychologists conducted surveys and models to classify personalities into categories. For example, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) by psychologist Carl Jung is a popular personality inventory, which contains characteristics grouped into four scales of opposite poles: 1. Extroversion (E) / Introversion

Difference Between Macro And Microeconomics Essay - 983 Words

MICRO AND MACROECONOMICS 7 SEPTEMBER 2016 Abstract: Two branches of economics that are vital to our study are macro and microeconomics. This piece of writing will attempt to differentiate them and provide a summary of an article from the internet that is relevant to the topic. The writer will also attempt to define a sunk cost, how it differs from a marginal cost and how he has used marginal analysis to solve a problem. The difference between macro and microeconomics A decent attempt to differentiate among the two sub-branches of economics should start with a definition. Microeconomics is â€Å"the analysis of economic behavior at the level of individual market participants, chiefly individual businesses or consumers,† (Law, J. [Ed] 2009 p 906) whereas Macroeconomics is defined as â€Å"the branch of economics that studies economies as a whole rather than the behavior of particular economic agents.† (Law, J. [Ed] 2009 p 863.) Therein in the definition lies a vast difference that can be deduced. The former is on a small scale while the latter is on a larger scale. Microeconomics analyses how individuals at their personal level will be influenced by scarcity and how this in turn brings about an opportunity cost that would be a result of their choice. In macroeconomics however, conditions that go beyond scarcity need to be analyzed wholesomely for an opportunity cost to be realized. Therefore, in microeconomic terms, choices that individuals make will have aShow MoreRelatedObjectives of Macroeconomics1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large, and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisions. One of its major goals is to understand howRead MoreEconomics Affects Our Daily Life1576 Words   |  7 Pagesof production, demand and supply analysis, consumption, distribution, market structure etc. Question 1 Economics can be classified into two main branches, which are macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics refers to study of economic aggregates (aggregate demand, aggregate supply etc.) while Microeconomics refers to study of behavior and performance of individual parts of economy such as firm or household. Macroeconomics Macroeconomics includes studying the determination of national outputRead MoreDifference Between Micro And Macro Economics895 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is the difference between micro and macro economics? Give an example of a microeconomic phenomenon and an example of a macroeconomic one. If you look at the definition of the word micro, some words that come to mind are small and extremely tiny. Therefore, we can look at microeconomics as dealing with small quantities of the whole or specifics. At this end, microeconomics deals with things at an individual level and studies issues such as consumer behavior, individual labor market and supplyRead MoreMicroeconomics And Macroeconomics Of Microeconomics1565 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Economics is an enormous field. The term economics is the broader term, however within this, there are additional fields such as microeconomics and macroeconomics. The difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics is analogous to the human body and the individual cell that makes up the human body. Macroeconomics is involved with the wide lens aspect of society. In other words, macroeconomics focuses on the broader large scale economy of a society. Macroeconomics focuses on largerRead MoreEssay about Just Culture1079 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Economics theories can be broken down into a microeconomic theory, which focuses on the individuals in a group and the action of supply and demand, which drives the economy (Anderson, 2013). Scarcity becomes a driving force for consumers to act; for example, when a product is scarce, the demand becomes greater and product becomes costly affecting the consumer’s ability to obtain the product (Anderson, 2013). To relate the microeconomics theory to healthcare and implement Just Culture, oneRead MoreEconomic Model Of Supply And Demand788 Words   |  4 PagesECNM 612 MACRO ECONOMICS MIDTERM I. DEFINITIONS. Define any 10 terms. Give examples where pertinent. Macro Economics Opportunity cost Model / Theory Micro Economics Real capital Fiscal Deficit GDP Debt Net exports Consumer Price Index Producer Price Index Consumption spending Investment Inflation Production Possibility Curve II. ESSAY QUESTIONS. Answer any TWO questions. Answer all parts of each question that you choose. 1. Read MoreA Report On The Supermarket Wars1211 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness Economics December 12 2014 Abstract The main purpose of this report is to make references to significant microeconomic models, in order to explain the supply, Demand, Market equilibrium, price discrimination, and Opportunity rate as well as making references to important macroeconomic aims which can be described with some examples such as growth, Inflation, UnemploymentRead MoreFinance Is Based On Economics841 Words   |  4 Pagesproperly understand financial markets and their behavior, you must first understand economics. Economics is the concern of production, distribution, trade and consumption of goods and services. It is the science that arises out of the relationship between limited resources and unlimited wants and needs by humans. Macroeconomics started with John Maynard Keynes, an English economist, who published a book entitled General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money in 1936. Keynes offered a clarificationRead Morebusiness q@a Essay example725 Words   |  3 Pagesindustry 3. Compare and contrast microeconomics and macroeconomics. How do the two approaches interrelate? Use a specific example to explain. Microeconomics deals with Business, Consumers and families. Macroeconomics is the overall standing of the country’s economy When these two work together a business can be successful; Macro looks over the rate of growth of the company. As Micro is more of looking over the supply and demand. 4. What is the difference between fiscal and monetary policy?Read MoreMicroeconomics : The Consumer Perspective1796 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This paper explores the different subject matters of microeconomics through the consumer perspective. A broad definition of microeconomics is the study of how individuals make decisions in the presence of scarcity (Sullivan, 2011). Microeconomics is affected by the law of supply and demand which is constantly changing by the purchasing power of the consumers and the availability of products. The purchasing power of the consumer is determined by their wants versus their needs, and what their

Bullying and Peer Pressure Free Essays

bullying About a week ago I was assigned a film project on bullying and peer pressure. What my group did was a recreation of the breakfast club. Although I’ve never seen the movie I was very excited to start. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying and Peer Pressure or any similar topic only for you Order Now The project really did help me learn the harmful effects of bullying and peer pressure. One part that showed me about bullying is when one of the main characters, Sophia, confesses to the group that she told everyone about a girl’s crush through Instagram. That scene made me reflect on how cyber bulling can really hurt a person. A part that showed me about peer pressure is when the character, Marcus, convinces the kids to eat illegal candy. This project was not only a fun experience but was also a way for me to better understand the effects that bullying can have on a person. Bullying is a serious offense affecting many kids. Bullying is the use of force to abuse or intimidate someone. There are three basic types of bullying: emotional, verbal, and physical. Eventually the person who is being bullied gets a low self-esteem and might commit suicide. 1 out of 10 kids drop out of school because of bullying. Some ways to stop bullying are: build healthy relationships, educate yourself, intervene, refuse to join in, and offer support. Peer pressure is when a group wants you to change something about your attitude, values, or they want you to do something. Its mostly common in youth. Peer pressure has negative effects when you are pressured into doing something your not supposed to do, but also has positive effects when you are pressured to do excellent on a test. Popular adolescents are more strongly associated with drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. How to cite Bullying and Peer Pressure, Essay examples

Volleyball Essay Example For Students

Volleyball Essay The sport of Volleyball Essay originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports. Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week. In 1895, William G. Morgan an instructor at the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average mans head. During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps volleyball would be a more descriptive name for the sport. Also a match length was set at 21 points. Also in 1900 Canada was the first foreign country to adopt the game of Volleyball. In 1906 the country of Cuba discovered volleyball thanks to Thanks to a North American army officer named Agusto York who took part in the second military intervention. In 1908 volleyball reached Japan. Hyozo Omori a graduate at Springfield college in the United States who was the first to demonstrate the rules of the game at the YMCA in Tokyo. In 1910 volleyball officially landed in China. Between 1912 and now many of the rules changed and changed again. In 1924 it was demonstrated at the Olympics in Paris under the show of American sports. In 1938 the Chzechs perfected blocking and was officially introduced to the rules. In 1942 William G. Morgan the creator of volleyball died at the age of 68. He felt no jealousy when the sport he created grew and developed. In 1945 the first volleyball postage stamp was released in Romania. In 1947 Egypt was the first Arab and African country to organize a national federation. In 1952 the first womens world championship was held in Moscow and won by the USSR. In 1960 the first World Championship for men was held outside of Europe in Brazil. In 1965 the first world cup was held in Poland and was won by the USSR. In 1973 the first womens world cup was played in Uruguay and was won by the USSR. In 1976 at the Olympics in Montreal Poland won the Mens division and Japan the womens. In 1986 USA won the first mens World Championships. China took the womens Gold. Beach Volleyball was also first recognized. In 1987 the first Beach volleyball world championship was played in Ipanema, Brazil. Ever since a lot of these events volleyball has grown in popularity and is now played world wide and both mens and womens clubs and organizations play at national and international tournaments. At this time in Southern California volleyball is as serious as the winter games in Finland. Both Boys and girls compete year round and the competition is fierce. Not to far behind is the Northern California Volleyball association. The NCVA has put out many of the nations greatest. Many injuries that occur with volleyball run from Bruises to breaks. The most common are ankle or knee injuries since a lot of stop and go and jumping. Often muscles are pulled in the shoulders and back. In volleyball injuries are all too common. Whether its landing wrong or player collision injuries and volleyball players go together like rain and water. Often you may see a girl with bruises all over her knees and elbows but its just from the game or practice she recently had. Volleyball may seem like a less exsausting sport compared to basketball but in Volleyball muscles are constantly stopping and going and movements are very prisice and sharp. A player has to be almost lightning fast and and in deep concentration. .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 , .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .postImageUrl , .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 , .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538:hover , .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538:visited , .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538:active { border:0!important; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538:active , .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538 .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56a9a47a8308da447cfae5af327a2538:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Jesus Analysis Essay Focus and playing smart are the keys to being a successful Volleyball player. Many of the most competitive players work out every day of the week to increase .

Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation Essay Example

Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation Paper For instance, on the supply side, traffic flow, speed, composition, frequency of stopping and starting, road gradient and surface. When considering the affected side, the factors like proximity to road, type of land use and time of day, also affect the generation of traffic noise. 1. 2 Purpose of the Study The main purpose of the study is to assess and find out the variations in traffic noise level under Stop-Go situations. 1. 3 Objectives of the Study The objectives of this study are: * To determine the level of noise due to vehicle Start. * To determine the level of noise due to vehicle Stop. To assess variations in traffic nose level under Stop-Go situations. 1. Study Area The study area is an intersection where is located along Persian Tama road. The intersection is signaled and it is located at Saudi Town. Saudi Town is located within the Juror Barr District and it is between the Sinai and Juror Barr City Centre. It is under administrative of Juror Barr Central Municipal Council. Figure 1-1 shows the location Of study area. Figure 1 ;1: Study Area. 1. 5 Scope of the Study The scope of this study is mainly focused on the assessment level of noise under Stop-Go situations. The study area is intersection where is tied Persian Tama road with Persian Tama 1 road. The collected data are Noise level. The instrument that has been used to collect data is a survey. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Introduction Stop-and-Go or more generally interrupted traffic is one of traffic phenomena being controlled by traffic signals at intersections. The prediction of traffic noise level in such the area needs the characteristic of traffic flow in conjunction with noise emission level of each vehicle type. The movement characteristic of traffic at an intersection can be forecasted using traffic flow horses whereas noise emission level is obtained from field measurement data. This study aiming at the collection of stop and go noise emission level which indeed relates to the level of noise pollution received by student and teacher at Seakale Meghan Sebastian Minutia Rind. As the school is located at a busy intersection, noise pollution in the school environment is expected to disturb the activities in school such as study, discussion and teaching session. We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noise Pollution Under Stop and Go Situation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, the environmental assessment of traffic noise at intersections near the school is measured. 2. Noise 2. 2. 1 Definition of Noise people who study acoustics define noise as complex sound waves that are periodic, in other words, sound waves with irregular vibrations and no definite pitch. In engineering, noise is defined as a signal that interferes with the detection of or quality of another signal. In fact, it is difficult to recognize the noise sound from others. For Instance, Is music noise? Is the hum of tires on a highway noise? Is the surround-sound movie theater noise? Is the philharmonic concert noise? And what about the accompanying beat for aerobic exercises at the health club? Sounds that are soothing for some are irritating to others. Basically, noise is unwanted sound. It is a pollutant and a hazard to human health and hearing. Noise is one of the environmental pollutants which create interference in communication and health (Augural and swami 2009; Pratt and Nagasaki 2007; Apathy et al. AAA). It an environmental stress which has received much attention in the past (Zinnia et al. 2006). The World Health Organization (WHO) considered noise as the third most hazardous type of pollution right after air and water pollutions (WHO 2005). People exposed to high-level noise may be affected in en or more of three ways: health, performance, and comfort (Media and Outshone 2001). Research regarding urban noise pollution and its consequences for the community has been studied by several countries (Apathy et al. Bibb; Kumar and Gain 1998; All 2004 Oshkosh et al. 1999). The most obvious effect of noise is damage to hearing ability, which may be temporary or permanent depending on the exposure time (Immemorial al. 2002;Hyssop and Aisha 2005). Similar study that focused on the behavior of human beings exposed to traffic noise was carried out in Canada by Michael et al. (2008). Generally, motor vehicles, which are a very significant part Of the urban environment, are an important source of noise emission, contributing 55% to the total noise (Bannered et al. 008; Naira et al. 2003). 2. 2. 2 Unit of Noise Noise levels are measured in decibels (db). The higher the decibel level, the louder the noise. The decibel (db) is a logarithmic unit for the ratio of a physical quantity, usually power or intensity relative to a specified or implied reference level. A ratio in decibels is ten times the logarithm to base 10 of the ratio of two power quantities. Being a ratio of two measurements of a hysterical quantity in the same units, it is a dimensionless unit. A decibel is one tenth of a bell, a seldom-used unit. The decibel is widely known as a measure of sound pressure level, but is also used for a wide variety of other measurements in science and engineering, most prominently in acoustics, electronics, and control theory. In electronics, the gain of amplifiers, attenuation of signals, and signal to noise ratios are often expressed in decibels. It confers a number of advantages, such as the ability to conveniently represent very large or small numbers, a logarithmic scaling hat roughly corresponds to the human perception of sound and light, and the ability to carry out multiplication of ratios by simple addition and subtraction. . 2. 3 Noise Measurement Unit used to measure sound pressure level is decibel (db). Sound can also measured using Pascal (Pa) but measurement in Pascal would therefore quite unmanageable numbers. The decibel scale is simple and easy to use without involving long linear numbers. Decibel also gives a much better approximation of the response of human ear to loudness. With every unit of decibel it must be included a weighting network at the end of it. This weighting network used to differentiate sound based on its frequency. There are three categories of weighting system that is always used, that is A,B and C. The difference between weighting network between ABA and C are A discriminates against the low frequencies. 8 also discriminates against the low frequencies but to a lesser extent, and C to the least extent. There is also a D weighting but it is used to measure noise from airplanes. In this study, the weighting network of A will be used because its characteristic is almost the same as characteristics of human ear. Instrument used to measure noise bevel at source is sound level meter. The unit used in this instrument is decibel. Sound level meter is design to react with sound is similar to reaction with human ear. The difference is that the sound measured by this instrument will be processed and changed into numbers for interpretation purposes. Sound level meter consist of microphone, amplifier, network weighting (A,B, and C) and a meter. Microphone is an important part of the instrument. The sound will enter the sound level meter through microphone and the acoustic energy of sound will be transferred into electric signal by microphone. After all the transformations have been completed the meter will process the input data in decibel values. 2. 3 Classification of the Noise Levels Both the amount of noise and the length of time you are exposed to the noise determine its ability to damage your hearing. Noise levels are measured in decibels (db). The higher the decibel level, the louder the noise. Sounds louder than 80 decibels are considered potentially hazardous. The noise figure below gives an idea of average decibel levels for everyday sounds around you. Painful 150 db rock music peak 140 db = firearms, air raid siren, jet engine 30 db = jackhammer 120 db jet plane take-off, amplified rock music at 4-6 Ft. , car stereo, band practice Extremely Loud 110 db = rock music, model airplane 1 06 db = timpani and bass drum rolls 1 00 db = snowmobile, chain saw, pneumatic drill 90 db = lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic, subway Very Loud 80 db = alarm clock, busy street 70 db busy traffic, vacuum cleaner 60 db = conversation, dishwasher Moderate 50 db = moderate rainfall 40 db = quiet room Faint 30 db = whish per, quiet library 2. Noise Pollution at School Environment Schools surrounding are the place that is considered as noise abatement zone. School environment especially located in busy area has a high rate of noise pollution. There are many new schools built near roadways in residential areas without noticing the impact of traffic activities to the school environment. Noise pollution at school environment is due to many sources. It depe nds on where the school is built. A school which is located near the city center has a very high noise pollution range because it has many sources that will lead to noise pollution. In this study area, Seakale Meghan Sebastian Minutia Rind which is located at intersection with traffic signal has the potential of Ewing noise polluted as the intersection normally congested during peak hour with many types of vehicle pass through the road. Noise from vehicles especially motorcycle, buses and trucks are very annoying and disturbing. 2. 4. 1 Effect of Noise Research being done by Snobbery (1 974), he has determine some effects of noise pollution to school students , such as : 1. They did not hear the teacher as well 2. They found it more difficult to hear lectures and classroom discussion 3. It was more difficult to study 4. They felt it was necessary to talk loudly in class in order to be heard 5. Some teachers have to speak too loudly and 6. Outside noise bothered them Much of the research on noise and children concerns damage to the auditory system. While the possibility of hearing damage is, and should be, of concern to parents and educators, the non-auditory effects of noise on children also deserves attention. The literature on the latter topic falls into three categories; physiological effects, motivational effects, and cognitive effects. 2. 4. 1. 1 Physiological effects An elevated blood pressure level in school-aged children is associated with living or going to school near a major noise source (e. . , Stop and go, traffic light, trains). Although the blood pressure levels of children exposed to these major noise sources are within the normal range, they are higher than for children not exposed to major noise sources. Refereed to the previous statistic, the elevated blood pressure levels are of concern for two reasons. One, the levels do not habituate with continued exposure, and two, elevated pressure levels in children appear to continue this pattern into adulthood thereby increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease. In each case the noise exposure was chronic. 2. 4. 1. 2 Motivational effects Research findings suggest that exposure to uncontrollable noise may make children more vulnerable to learned helplessness. Learned helplessness means that the individual learns that the outcomes of its behavior are independent of the actions of the individual. Most of this research has been with school-aged children, including kindergà ¤rtners. One study found that children attending a school near a major airport were less likely to solve a challenging puzzle and to persist at it as well. Another study found that children exposed to noise were more likely to abdicate their choice for a reward to their teachers. The children decided to let the adult pick a prize for them rather than exercise their option to do so. Teachers in noisy schools also report greater difficulty in motivating children in their school work. Children often had less tolerance for frustration. Limited work has been done with younger children. One study in a residential setting found that 12 month- old infants in noisy homes exhibited less mastery-oriented play behavior with their toys than their counterparts in quieter homes. 2. 4. 1. 3 Cognitive effects Most of the research on the non-auditory effects of noise on children has been on cognitive effects. The research has looked at memory, attention/ perception, and academic achievement. The study on memory and noise for children parallels that of adults; there appears to be little or no effects of noise on simple memory. This holds true for both chronic and acute exposure to noise. However, if the memory task requires special attention there does appear to be some negative effects of noise. In other words, if the individual has to pay particular attention because of the difficulty of the task, noise may interfere with the memory task. 2. 4. 2 Ways to Reduce Noise Problem in Schools Environment Research done by Slater (1968) proved that student will perform better under quiet condition than noisy condition. Noise pollution in school environment disturbs during study session. Students cannot concentrate with what they are learning and consequently they will lose their interest to study. Searchers also cannot teach effectively during teaching session. This is due to uncomfortable classrooms conditions that the students cannot hear their voice clearly and the student will hardly understand what the teacher is trying to teach. There are many ways to reduce noise pollution problem from getting worst specially in school environment : 1. Construct a school building tha t has sound insulation system 2. Construct sound barrier such as high fence made from concrete wall of wood 3. Planting more trees in the schools surrounding 4. A good planning before building school 5. Stop or remove the noise 6. Society awareness about the noise problem 7. A strict laws concerning noise pollution and 8. Speed limit for road users near school surrounding 2. 5 Characteristics of Noise Waves Noise or sound is created by alternate compression and decompression of particles of the air. This causes the air pressure to fall and rise in the form of waves. Frequency (pitch) and intensity (loudness) are the two characteristics of sound. 2. 5-1 Frequency Frequency is the number of times that the air is compressed and decompressed in a second, and is measured in cycles per second, or Hertz (Haze). Low frequency produces a low pitched, bass sound. High frequency produces a high pitched, whistle sound. Human ears respond to frequencies between GHz and 20,GHz. The human voice produces frequencies between GHZ and 2,OOZE. Below GHZ and above 20,000 HAZE sound cannot be heard but it can still be harmful. The ear is most sensitive to sounds between 1000 and GHz. 2. 5. 2 Intensity Intensity is the amount of sound energy reaching the eardrum, and is measured in decibels (db). Zero decibels is the faintest sound that the average person can hear, and the loudest sound may be more than a million times this level. This is because the intensity of sound does not rise gradually each increase of 10 decibels means that the intensity increases 1 0 times. For example, a 10 decibel sound is 10 times louder than a 1 decibel sound; a 20 decibel sound is 100 times louder than a 1 decibel sound (xx); 30 Seibel are 1000 times louder (10x10x10), and so on. The ear responds to intensities from O to db. Discomfort is felt at db, and near db, pain is felt with possible rupture and permanent damage to the eardrum. Some noise intensity measurements are given in a measure called db(A) which takes into account the frequency sensitivity of the ear. db(A) measurements are obtained on a noise meter which weights the different frequency components. For example, the noise intensity for a circular saw, and the noise intensity inside a bus have the same value when expressed in db. But the noise from a circular saw contains a greater proportion of high frequencies, and is more annoying than the noise inside a bus. Therefore, the circular saw has a higher db(A) value. 2. Main Traffic Noise Sources Noise sources associated with transportation projects can include passenger vehicles, medium trucks, heavy trucks and buses. Each of these vehicles produces noise; however, the source and magnitude of the noise can vary greatly depending on vehicle type. For example, while the nose from passenger vehicles occurs mainly from the tire-roadway interface and is Hereford located at ground level, noise from heavy truc ks is produced by a combination of noise from tires, engine, and exhaust, resulting in a noise source that is approximately 8 feet above the ground. The following list provides information on the types of transportation noise sources that will be part of a roadway project, and describes the type of noise each produces. 2. 6. 1 Passenger Vehicles (cars): Noise emitted from O to 2 feet above roadway, primarily from tire-roadway interface. This category includes normal passenger vehicles, small and irregularities trucks, small to mid-size sport utility vehicles, mini- and full-size assenter vans. Typical noise levels for passenger vehicles are 72 to 74 dab at 55 MPH at a distance of feet. 2. 6. Medium Trucks (MET): Noise emitted from 2 to 5 feet above roadway, combined noise from tire- roadway interface and engine exhaust noise. This category includes delivery vans, such UPS and Federal Express trucks, large sport utility vehicles with knobby tires, large dieseling trucks, some tow-trucks, city transit and school buses with under vehicle exhaust,moving vans (U-haul-type trucks), small to medium recreational motor homes and turbochar ger trucks with the exhaust located under the vehicle. Typical noise levels for mediumistic are 80 to 82 dab at 55 MPH at 50 feet. . 6. 3 Heavy Trucks (H T): Noise emitted from 6 to 8 feet above the roadway surface, combined noise sources includes tire-roadway interface, engine noise, and exhaust stack noise. This category includes all log-haul tractor-trailers (semi-trucks), large tow trucks, dump trucks, cement mixers, large transit buses, motor homes with exhaust located at top of vehicle, and other vehicles with the exhaust located above the vehicle (typical exhaust height of 12 10th feet). Typical Jose levels for heavy trucks are 84 to 86 dab at 55 MPH at 50 feet 2. 2. 6. Road Noise Arises from Three Sources on Vehicles: * propulsion noise (engine, power train, exhaust and intake systems) Tire/road contact noise * Aerodynamic noise The engine noise is the dominant source at lower speeds (under km/h for passenger cars / under km/h for lorries), tire noise dominates above that, a nd aerodynamic noise becomes louder as a function of the vehicle speed. 2. 7 Traffic Noise Mitigation In theory, there are a number of options that can be used to reduce or mitigate traffic noise. These include traffic management, highway design, and noise barriers including earthen beers. In reality, noise mitigation is often infeasible due to space requirements, aesthetic issues and financial costs, or because the costs o;sigh the benefits. Any specific mitigation measure recommended as part of a project must be feasible and have a reasonable cost in relation to the benefit. Potential mitigation measures are described below. 2. 7. 1 Traffic Management Traffic management measures include modification Of speed limits and restricting or prohibiting truck traffic. Restricting truck use on a given roadway loud reduce noise levels at nearby receivers since trucks are louder than cars.

Thinking Outside the Box, Turning Rejections to Payments

Thinking Outside the Box, Turning Rejections to Payments Its always painful when we spend time writing up articles only to have them rejected, time and again. However, a simple technique can turn your rejection emails in to payments. You just need to think outside the normal boxes and appeal to a different audience. Let me set the scene. Walking, hiking and backpacking are where I draw most of my inspiration for my writing. I planned a weekend trip to a mountain bothy, a small mountain shelter that is free to use and is a great place to spend an overnight in the wild. They are little more than brick built tents. On my return, I pitched an article to several magazines specialising in hiking and mountaineering. However, they all rejected me. Feeling a bit lost and dejected, I flicked through the long list of magazines accepting submissions. After spending some time reworking the article, I submitted to a completely different genre. Living in the city of London and then spending time in the mountains of Wales, I had the chance to see more of the stars and the heavens than I had ever seen before. Reflecting on this, I decided that it would be good to rewrite the article for a Christian magazine. After all, I am a practising Christian, and enjoy reading about others experiences so why not share my own? I spent some time considering Bible quotations and rewriting the article to reflect how the experience could bring other people closer to God. As the article was for a non-specialist magazine, I need to adapt the language and add explanations that would be required for readers to understand the context of the article. The experience of rewriting was extremely useful, not just to be published, but also to find errors and to tidy up my original article. I pitched to the editor and almost immediately received a response, requesting some images and examples of my previous writing. The article went to features meeting where it was accepted and so I sent the final article with the photographs that I had taken on my trip. The editor was impressed with the uniqueness of the article, especially for his magazine, which led to getting the article published. Having photographs helped too, as this meant that the editor had a complete package and did not need to spend money on stock photography. Magazines that specialise in the outdoors will undoubtedly be inundated with lots of articles on the topic of spending a night in a bothy, so to stand out and have a chance of being published you need to provide a unique angle. Whereas a publication that has a different focus might be more willing to publish as you have a different angle. Try it with one of your own rejected article pitches. Where else could you submit it? Perhaps you could rewrite the news feature for a specialist magazine into an article for a local newspaper. Or maybe a local interest story that was covered My tips for turning rejections to payments:  · Try rewriting the article for a different market  · Look beyond the obvious sources of income, who else might be interested  · Find a different angle for your article  · Try to include photographs and images as editors prefer a complete packaged (you may be paid more for it!)

Managers Duties in Terms of the Four Functions of Management Essay

Managers Duties in Terms of the Four Functions of Management - Essay Example When we say the word planning, we are referring to defining objectives and goals for the organization and then formulating a path of action for their achievement. As far as I have seen, this HR manager is pretty much involved in employees’ planning such as how many employees need to be hired in the coming quarter and how and what kind of training should be given to the existing employees so that they are better able to contribute towards that attainment of organizational goals. Â  The organizing function of management refers to the arrangement of sources and people for the attainment of goals and objectives (Heather Rothbauer-Wanish, 2009). The HR manager is usually seen involved in the division of work so that the goals can be achieved in an organized and clear manner. For instance, if a new project is announced, after designing a recruitment plan, he would assign for himself, HR officers and admin person different tasks such as giving advertisement in newspaper, writing job descriptions, defining a career development plan, identifying training needs, sorting resumes, making interview calls such that the process be carried out systematically. Â  Leading is all about having such an influence on the employees which acts as a motivator for them. This HR manager is keen in communicating with his subordinates on a day to day basis. He discusses problems and their solutions, counsels, motivates and guides them as well as educates them on appropriate behavior. Â  Controlling as a management function means ensuring that all efforts towards goal achievement are being properly carried out. Our HR manager keeps a check on employees’ performance and behavior and corrects them where necessary. Â  The HR manager seems to be carrying out the four management functions effectively.